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    <title>JetStream 3 In-Depth Analysis</title>

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    <article>
        <h2>In-Depth Analysis</h2>

        <p>
        JetStream 3 combines together a variety of JavaScript and Web Assembly benchmarks, covering a variety of
        advanced workloads and programming techniques, and reports a single score that
        balances them using a geometric mean.
        </p>

        <p>
        Each benchmark measures a distinct workload, and no single optimization
        technique is sufficient to speed up all benchmarks. Some benchmarks demonstrate tradeoffs, and
        aggressive or specialized optimizations for one benchmark might make another benchmark slower.
        JetStream 3 rewards browsers that start up quickly, execute code quickly, and continue running smoothly.
        </p>

        <p>
        Each benchmark in JetStream 3 computes its own individual score. JetStream 3 weighs each
        benchmark equally, taking the geometric mean over each individual benchmark's score to compute
        the overall JetStream 3 score.
        </p>

        <p>
        It's not enough to just measure the total running time of a workload.
        Browsers may perform differently for the same JavaScript workload depending on how many times it
        has run. For example, garbage collection runs periodically, making some iterations take longer than
        others. Code that runs repeatedly gets optimized by the browser, so the first iteration
        of any workload is usually more expensive than the rest.
        </p>

        <p>
        For most of the JavaScript benchmarks in JetStream 3, individual scores
        equally weigh startup performance, worst case performance, and average case
        performance. These three metrics are crucial to running performant JavaScript
        in the browser. Fast startup times lead browsers to loading pages more quickly. Good
        worst case performance ensures web applications can run without hiccups. Fast average
        case performance makes it so that the most advanced web applications can run at all.
        </p>

        <p>
        For JetStream 3's Web Assembly benchmarks, individual scores equally weigh startup time and
        total execution time. An important component of JetStream 1 were the asm.js subset of benchmarks. With the release
        of Web Assembly, the importance of asm.js has lessened since many users of asm.js are
        now using Web Assembly. JetStream 3 has converted many of the asm.js benchmarks from
        JetStream 1 into Web Assembly.
        </p>

        <p>
        All but one of JetStream 3's JavaScript benchmarks run for N iterations, where
        N is usually 120. JetStream 3 reports the startup score as the time it takes to run the first iteration.
        The worst case score is the average of the worst M iterations, excluding the first iteration.
        M is always less than N, and is usually 4. The average case score is the average
        of all but the first iteration. These three scores are weighed equally using the geometric
        mean.
        </p>

        <p>
        JetStream 3 also includes a JavaScript benchmark named WSL. WSL is an implementation of a
        GPU shading language written in JavaScript. WSL does not use the above mechanism for scoring
        because it has a long running time. Instead, the WSL benchmark computes its score as the
        geometric mean over two metrics: the time it takes to compile the WSL standard library, and the time
        it takes to run through the WSL specification test suite.
        </p>

        <p>
        JetStream 3 includes parts of these benchmark suites that came before it: <a href="https://webkit.org/perf/sunspider/sunspider.html">SunSpider</a>,
        <a href="https://developers.google.com/octane/">Octane 2</a>, <a href="https://browserbench.org/JetStream1.1/">JetStream 1</a>,
        <a href="https://browserbench.org/ARES-6/">ARES-6</a>, and <a href="https://v8.github.io/web-tooling-benchmark/">Web Tooling Benchmark</a>.
        JetStream 3 also includes new benchmarks inspired by <a href="https://krakenbenchmark.mozilla.org">Kraken</a>.
        JetStream 3 also includes a new set of benchmarks that measure the performance of Web Assembly, Web Workers,
        Promises, async iteration, unicode regular expressions, and JavaScript parsing.
        </p>

        <p>
        JetStream 3 runs the same benchmarks as JetStream 3, but updates the benchmark driver to
        improve score stability. This is achieved by pre-fetching network resources prior to running
        the benchmarks. This can reduce perturbations on the measurement of JavaScript execution
        time due to second order effects of pause times induced by network latency.
        </p>

        <p>
        Note that scores from JetStream 3 are not comparable to scores to other versions
        of any JetStream benchmark.
        </p>

        <h3>
        JetStream 3 has 64 subtests:
        </h3>

        <dl>

        <dt id="WSL">WSL</dt>
        <dd>
         WSL is an implementation of a GPU shading language written in JavaScript.
         WSL measures the time it takes to compile the WSL standard library and the time
         it takes to run through the WSL specification test suite.
         Source code: <a href="WSL">WSL</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="UniPoker">UniPoker</dt>
        <dd>
         UniPoker is a 5 card stud poker simulation using the Unicode playing card code points, U+1F0A1..U+1F0DE,
         as the card representation in code. Scoring of hands is done with three regular expressions, one to check
         for a flush, one to check for straights, and one to check for pairs, three of a kind, and four of a kind.
         Source code: <a href="RexBench/UniPoker/poker.js">poker.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="uglify-js-wtb">uglify-js-wtb</dt>
        <dd>
         <a href="https://github.com/mishoo/UglifyJS2">UglifyJS</a> is a JavaScript parser, minifier, compressor, and beautifier toolkit. It is commonly
         used to minimize JavaScript bundles.
         This benchmark runs UglifyJS on test JavaScript programs.
         This benchmark stresses string manipulation and regular expression performance.
         A similar version of this benchmark was previously published in the Web Tooling Benchmark.
         Source code: <a href="web-tooling-benchmark/browser.js">uglify.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="typescript">typescript</dt>
        <dd>
         Tests how quickly Microsoft's <a href="http://www.typescriptlang.org">TypeScript</a> compiler can
         compile itself. More than anything else, this tests how quickly a JavaScript runtime can optimize
         a large pile of code.
         A similar version of this benchmark was previously published in Octane version 2.
         Source code: <a href="Octane/typescript.js">typescript.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="tsf-wasm">tsf-wasm</dt>
        <dd>
         Runs Filip Pizlo's &mdash; of the WebKit team &mdash; implementation of a <a href="http://www.filpizlo.com/tsf/"> Typed Stream Format </a>
         in Web Assembly. The original code is compiled from C to Web Assembly using <a href="https://emscripten.org">Emscripten</a>.
         Source code: <a href="wasm/TSF">TSF</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="tfjs-wasm">tfjs-wasm</dt>
        <dd>
         Tests <a href="https://github.com/tensorflow/tfjs">Tensorflow.js</a> pre-trained machine learning models supported by <a href="https://github.com/tensorflow/tfjs/tree/master/tfjs-backend-wasm">WebAssembly backend</a>. The current benchmark includes models: <a href="https://tfhub.dev/google/tfjs-model/imagenet/mobilenet_v2_100_224/classification/3/default/1">mobilenet</a>, <a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/@tensorflow-models/knn-classifier">knn-classifier</a>, <a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/@tensorflow-models/coco-ssd">coco-ssd</a>, <a href="https://www.npmjs.com/package/@tensorflow-models/universal-sentence-encoder">universal-sentence-encoder</a>. Source code: <a href="wasm/">TFJS</a>.
        </dd>

        <dt id="argon2-wasm">argon2-wasm</dt>
        <dd>
         Tests <a href="https://github.com/P-H-C/phc-winner-argon2">Argon2</a>, a password-hashing function (the winner of Password Hashing Competition), in Web Assembly. This is test is based on <a href="https://github.com/antelle/argon2-browser">argon2-browser</a> library. Source code: <a href="wasm/">ARGON2</a>.
        </dd>

        <dt id="tagcloud-SP">tagcloud-SP</dt>
        <dd>
         Parses JSON and generates markup for a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tag_cloud">tag
         cloud</a> view of the data. Written by Maciej Stachowiak of the WebKit team. Exercises string
         parsing and manipulation. A similar version of this benchmark was originally published in SunSpider.
         Source code: <a href="SunSpider/tagcloud.js">tagcloud.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="string-unpack-code-SP">string-unpack-code-SP</dt>
        <dd>
         This benchmark unpacks various minified JavaScript libraries. It stresses the speed of various string manipulation
         operations.
         A similar version of this benchmark was previously published in SunSpider.
         Source code: <a href="SunSpider/string-unpack-code.js">string-unpack-code.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="stanford-crypto-sha256">stanford-crypto-sha256</dt>
        <dd>
         Measures the performance of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA-2">SHA256</a> hashing algorithm as implemented by the <a href="https://crypto.stanford.edu/sjcl/">Stanford JavaScript Crypto Library</a>. This benchmark stresses numeric analysis and array access.
         This benchmark was inspired by a similar benchmark in the Kraken benchmark suite.
         Source code: <a href="SeaMonster/stanford-crypto-sha256.js">stanford-crypto-sha256.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="stanford-crypto-pbkdf2">stanford-crypto-pbkdf2</dt>
        <dd>
         Measures the performance of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBKDF2">PBKDF2</a> hashing algorithm as implemented by the <a href="https://crypto.stanford.edu/sjcl/">Stanford JavaScript Crypto Library</a>. This benchmark stresses numeric analysis and array access.
         This benchmark was inspired by a similar benchmark in the Kraken benchmark suite.
         Source code: <a href="SeaMonster/stanford-crypto-pbkdf2.js">stanford-crypto-pbkdf2.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="stanford-crypto-aes">stanford-crypto-aes</dt>
        <dd>
        Measures the performance of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Encryption_Standard">AES</a> hashing algorithm as implemented by the <a href="https://crypto.stanford.edu/sjcl/">Stanford JavaScript Crypto Library</a>. This benchmark stresses numeric analysis and array access.
         This benchmark was inspired by a similar benchmark in the Kraken benchmark suite.
         Source code: <a href="SeaMonster/stanford-crypto-aes.js">stanford-crypto-aes.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="splay">splay</dt>
        <dd>
          Tests the manipulation of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splay_tree">splay trees</a>
          represented using plain JavaScript objects. This benchmark stresses the performance of the garbage collector.
          A similar version of this benchmark was previously published in Octane version 2.
          Source code: <a href="Octane/splay.js">splay.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="segmentation">segmentation</dt>
        <dd>
         Uses Web Workers to parallelize the computation of a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-series_segmentation">
         time series segmentation</a> algorithm over a sample data set. This code is adapted from an algorithm used in the <a href="https://perf.webkit.org/v3/">
         WebKit performance dashboard.</a>
         Source code: <a href="worker/segmentation.js">segmentation.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="richards">richards</dt>
        <dd>
         Martin Richard's <a href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mr10/Bench.html">system language
         benchmark</a> ported to JavaScript. Tests object property access performance.
         A similar version of this benchmark was previously published in Octane version 2.
         Source code: <a href="Octane/richards.js">richards.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="richards-wasm">richards-wasm</dt>
        <dd>
         Martin Richard's <a href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mr10/Bench.html">system language
         benchmark</a> compiled to a hybrid of Web Assembly and JavaScript. It stresses how quickly
         JavaScript can call into Web Assembly code.
         Source code: <a href="wasm/richards.c">richards.c</a>, <a href="wasm/richards.js">richards.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="8bitbench-wasm">8bitbench-wasm</dt>
        <dd>
         A simple 8-bit emulator targeting wasm, written in rust. It aims to represent what an emulator or small game might act like in the real world.
         <br />
         Attribution: See <a href="8bitbench/ABOUT.md">8bitbench/ABOUT.md</a>
         <br />
         Source code: <a href="8bitbench/js3harness.js">8bitbench/js3harness.js</a>, based off <a href="https://github.com/justinmichaud/8bitbench">https://github.com/justinmichaud/8bitbench</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="regexp">regexp</dt>
        <dd>
         Collection of regular expressions found by the V8 team in 2010, curated into a benchmark.
         A similar version of this benchmark was previously published in Octane version 2.
         Source code: <a href="Octane/regexp.js">regexp.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="regex-dna-SP">regex-dna-SP</dt>
        <dd>
         Regular-expression-based solution to DNA manipulation from
         <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Computer_Language_Benchmarks_Game">The Great Computer Language Shootout</a>,
         contributed by Jesse Millikan.
         A similar version of this benchmark was previously published in SunSpider.
         Source code: <a href="SunSpider/regex-dna.js">regex-dna.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="raytrace">raytrace</dt>
        <dd>
         <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_tracing_(graphics)">Ray tracer</a> written in JavaScript using ES6 classes.
         Tests object construction performance and floating point math.
         A similar version of this benchmark was previously published in Octane version 2.
         Source code: <a href="Octane/raytrace.js">raytrace.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="raytrace-private-class-fields">raytrace-private-class-fields</dt>
        <dd>
         <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_tracing_(graphics)">Ray tracer</a> written in JavaScript using ES6 classes and private fields.
         Tests object construction performance, along with setting default values of private fields, their access speed, and floating point math.
         A similar version of this benchmark was previously published in Octane version 2.
         Source code: <a href="class-fields/raytrace-private-class-fields.js">raytrace-private-class-fields.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="raytrace-public-class-fields">raytrace-public-class-fields</dt>
        <dd>
         <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_tracing_(graphics)">Ray tracer</a> written in JavaScript using ES6 classes and public fields.
         Tests object construction performance, along with setting default values of public fields, and floating point math.
         A similar version of this benchmark was previously published in Octane version 2.
         Source code: <a href="class-fields/raytrace-public-class-fields.js">raytrace-public-class-fields.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="quicksort-wasm">quicksort-wasm</dt>
        <dd>
         Quicksort benchmark, compiled to Web Assembly with <a href="https://emscripten.org">Emscripten</a>.
         The original C version of this benchmark was previously published in the LLVM test suite.
         Source code: <a href="wasm/quicksort.c">quicksort.c</a>, <a href="wasm/quicksort.js">quicksort.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="prepack-wtb">prepack-wtb</dt>
        <dd>
        <a href="https://prepack.io">Prepack</a> is a tool that optimizes JavaScript source code by performing computations at compile
         time instead of run time where possible.
         This benchmark runs Prepack on test JavaScript programs.
         This benchmark stresses string manipulation and regular expression performance.
         A similar version of this benchmark was previously published in the Web Tooling Benchmark.
         Source code: <a href="web-tooling-benchmark/browser.js">prepack.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="pdfjs">pdfjs</dt>
        <dd>
         Mozilla's <a href="http://mozilla.github.io/pdf.js/">PDF reader written in JavaScript</a>.
         This benchmark emphasizes array manipulation and bit operations.
         A similar version of this benchmark was previously published in Octane version 2.
         Source code: <a href="Octane/pdfjs.js">pdfjs.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="OfflineAssembler">OfflineAssembler</dt>
        <dd>
        Offline Assembler is the lexer, parser, and AST layer of the offline assembler for <a href="https://trac.webkit.org/wiki/JavaScriptCore">JavaScriptCore</a>.
         It has been ported to JavaScript from the original Ruby implementation. This test stresses regular expression
         performance.
         Source code: <a href="RexBench/OfflineAssembler/parser.js">OfflineAssembler.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="octane-code-load">octane-code-load</dt>
        <dd>
         Test of code load speed of the jQuery and Closure libraries. Because this test allows
         caching, this is representative of revisiting the same website.
         A similar version of this benchmark was previously published in Octane version 2.
         Source code: <a href="Octane/code-first-load.js">code-load.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="navier-stokes">navier-stokes</dt>
        <dd>
         Fluid simulation written by <a href="https://nerget.com">Oliver Hunt</a>. Emphasizes floating point array performance.
         A similar version of this benchmark was previously published in Octane version 2.
         Source code: <a href="Octane/navier-stokes.js">navier-stokes.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="n-body-SP">n-body-SP</dt>
        <dd>
         Classic solar system simulation benchmark from
         <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Computer_Language_Benchmarks_Game">The Great Computer Language Shootout</a>,
         contributed by Isaac Guy. Tests math and object access performance.
         A similar version of this benchmark was previously published in SunSpider.
         Source code: <a href="SunSpider/n-body.js">n-body.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="multi-inspector-code-load">multi-inspector-code-load</dt>
        <dd>
         Measures the repeated parsing of a modern JavaScript code base: WebKit's Web Inspector.
         Because this test allows caching, this is representative of revisiting the same website.
         Source code: <a href="code-load/code-multi-load.js">code-multi-load.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="ML">ML</dt>
        <dd>
         ML is an implementation of a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feedforward_neural_network"> feedforward neural network.</a>
         The benchmark trains several networks using different <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activation_function">activation functions</a>
         and several sample data sets. ML makes heavy use of classes. It relies on the ml-matrix library and does non-trivial matrix math.
         This benchmark was previously published in ARES-6.
         Source code: <a href="ARES-6/ml">ML</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="mandreel">mandreel</dt>
        <dd>
         Tests the <a href="http://bulletphysics.org/">Bullet</a> physics engine.
         The physics engine is compiled to JavaScript with <a href="http://www.mandreel.com">Mandreel</a>.
         A similar version of this benchmark was previously published in Octane version 2.
         Source code: <a href="Octane/mandreel.js">mandreel.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="lebab-wtb">lebab-wtb</dt>
        <dd>
         <a href="https://github.com/lebab/lebab">Lebab</a> transpiles ES5 code into ES6/ES7.
         This benchmark runs Lebab on test JavaScript programs.
         This benchmark stresses string manipulation and regular expression performance.
         A similar version of this benchmark was previously published in the Web Tooling Benchmark.
         Source code: <a href="web-tooling-benchmark/browser.js">lebab.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="json-stringify-inspector">json-stringify-inspector</dt>
        <dd>
         Measures JSON.stringify performance on a set of objects that WebKit's Web Inspector
         stringifies when communicating between the UI and web pages.
         This benchmark was inspired by a similar benchmark in the Kraken benchmark suite.
         Source code: <a href="SeaMonster/json-stringify-inspector.js">json-stringify-inspector.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="json-parse-inspector">json-parse-inspector</dt>
        <dd>
         Measures JSON.parse performance on a set of objects that WebKit's Web Inspector
         parses when communicating between the UI and web pages.
         This benchmark was inspired by a similar benchmark in the Kraken benchmark suite.
         Source code: <a href="SeaMonster/json-parse-inspector.js">json-parse-inspector.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="jshint-wtb">jshint-wtb</dt>
        <dd>
         <a href="https://jshint.com">JSHint</a> is a static analysis tool that warns about errors
        and potential problems in JavaScript programs.
         This benchmark runs JSHint on test JavaScript programs.
         This benchmark stresses string manipulation and regular expression performance.
         A similar version of this benchmark was previously published in the Web Tooling Benchmark.
         Source code: <a href="web-tooling-benchmark/browser.js">jshint.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="HashSet-wasm">HashSet-wasm</dt>
        <dd>
         A Web Assembly benchmark replaying a set of hash table operations performed in WebKit when loading
         a web page. This benchmark was compiled from C++ to Web Assembly using <a href="https://emscripten.org">Emscripten</a>.
         Source code: <a href="wasm/HashSet.cpp">HashSet.cpp</a>, <a href="wasm/HashSet.js">HashSet.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="hash-map">hash-map</dt>
        <dd>
         Apache Harmony java.util.HashMap implementation ported to JavaScript and benchmarked by
         doing hash table insertions, queries, and then iterating the associated entrySet. Tests
         object-oriented JavaScript idioms and object construction. A similar JavaScript version
         of this benchmark was originally published as part of the WebKit test suite.
         Source code: <a href="simple/hash-map.js">hash-map.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="gcc-loops-wasm">gcc-loops-wasm</dt>
        <dd>
         Example loops used to tune the GCC and LLVM vectorizers, compiled to Web Assembly with
         <a href="https://emscripten.org">Emscripten</a>. The original C++ version of this benchmark was previously published in the LLVM test suite.
         Source code: <a href="wasm/gcc-loops.cpp">gcc-loops.cpp</a>, <a href="wasm/gcc-loops.js">gcc-loops.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="gbemu">gbemu</dt>
        <dd>
         Gameboy emulator written in JavaScript. Tests typed array and
         property access performance.
         A similar version of this benchmark was previously published in Octane version 2.
         Source code: <a href="Octane/gbemu-part1.js">gbemu-part1.js</a>, <a href="Octane/gbemu-part2.js">gbemu-part2.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="gaussian-blur">gaussian-blur</dt>
        <dd>
         Tests the performance of a JavaScript implementation of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaussian_blur">gaussian
         blur</a> on a test image. Tests numeric analysis speed and uses typed arrays.
         This benchmark was inspired by a similar benchmark in the Kraken benchmark suite.
         Source code: <a href="SeaMonster/gaussian-blur.js">gaussian-blur.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="FlightPlanner">FlightPlanner</dt>
        <dd>
          Flight Planner is a benchmark taken from a flight management web application.
          Flight Planner parses aircraft flight plans and computes distance, courses, and elapsed times for legs of flight plans.
          It uses FAA data for airports, navigation aids, and airways. The flight management app was originally written to help
          compete in a flying proficiency event. It stresses regular expression performance.
         Source code: <a href="RexBench/FlightPlanner/flight_planner.js">flight_planner.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="first-inspector-code-load">first-inspector-code-load</dt>
        <dd>
         Measures the first-time parsing of a modern JavaScript code base: WebKit's Web Inspector.
         This models the parsing time of visiting a web site for the first time.
         Source code: <a href="code-load/code-first-load.js">code-first-load.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="espree-wtb">espree-wtb</dt>
        <dd>
        <a href="https://github.com/eslint/espree">Espree</a> is a JavaScript parser written in JavaScript.
         This benchmark runs Espree on test JavaScript programs.
         This benchmark stresses string manipulation and regular expression performance.
         A similar version of this benchmark was previously published in the Web Tooling Benchmark.
         Source code: <a href="web-tooling-benchmark/browser.js">espree.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="earley-boyer">earley-boyer</dt>
        <dd>
         Tests two classic Scheme benchmarks translated to JavaScript using scheme2js. The first
         benchmark is Earley, is a chart parser algorithm created by Jay Earley. The second is
         Boyer, a logic programming benchmark by Bob Boyer. Measures variadic functions and object
         construction.
         A similar version of this benchmark was previously published in Octane version 2.
         Source code: <a href="Octane/earley-boyer.js">earley-boyer.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="delta-blue">delta-blue</dt>
        <dd>
         The classic DeltaBlue benchmark derived from a Smalltalk implementation by Maloney and
         Wolczko. Tests devirtualization of JavaScript code that uses an idiomatic class hierarchy
         construction.
         A similar version of this benchmark was previously published in Octane version 2.
         Source code: <a href="Octane/deltablue.js">deltablue.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="date-format-xparb-SP">date-format-xparb-SP</dt>
        <dd>
         Sophisticated date formatting and parsing library test, based on code by Barin Schwartz.
         A similar version of this benchmark was previously published in SunSpider.
         Source code: <a href="SunSpider/date-format-xparb.js">date-format-xparb.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="date-format-tofte-SP">date-format-tofte-SP</dt>
        <dd>
         Date and time formatting test, based on code by Svend Tofte. Involves an interesting use
         of <code>eval</code> and also covers string manipulation and JavaScript library functions.
         A similar version of this benchmark was previously published in SunSpider.
         Source code: <a href="SunSpider/date-format-tofte.js">date-format-tofte.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="crypto-sha1-SP">crypto-sha1-SP</dt>
        <dd>
         <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sha1">SHA-1</a> implementation in JavaScript by
         Paul Johnston and others. Tests interesting integer math idioms.
         A similar version of this benchmark was previously published in SunSpider.
         Source code: <a href="SunSpider/crypto-sha1.js">crypto-sha1.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="crypto-md5-SP">crypto-md5-SP</dt>
        <dd>
         <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Md5">MD5</a> implementation in JavaScript by
         Paul Johnston and others. Tests interesting integer math idioms.
         A similar version of this benchmark was previously published in SunSpider.
         Source code: <a href="SunSpider/crypto-md5.js">crypto-md5.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="crypto-aes-SP">crypto-aes-SP</dt>
        <dd>
         <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Encryption_Standard"> AES</a> implementation
         in JavaScript by Chris Veness. A newer version can be
         found <a href="http://www.movable-type.co.uk/scripts/aes.html">here</a>. Tests integer math.
         A similar version of this benchmark was previously published in SunSpider.
         Source code: <a href="SunSpider/crypto-aes.js">crypto-aes.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="crypto">crypto</dt>
        <dd>
         RSA cypher implemented in JavaScript by Tom Wu. Tests integer math and arrays.
         A similar version of this benchmark was previously published in Octane version 2.
         Source code: <a href="Octane/crypto.js">crypto.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="coffeescript-wtb">coffeescript-wtb</dt>
        <dd>
         <a href="http://coffeescript.org/">CoffeeScript</a> is a programming language that attempts to expose the
         good parts of JavaScript in a simple way.
         This benchmark tests the CoffeeScript compiler on test programs.
         This benchmark stresses string manipulation and regular expression performance.
         A similar version of this benchmark was previously published in the Web Tooling Benchmark.
         Source code: <a href="web-tooling-benchmark/browser.js">coffeescript.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="chai-wtb">chai-wtb</dt>
        <dd>
         <a href="http://chaijs.com/">Chai</a> is a <a href="https://codeutopia.net/blog/2015/03/01/unit-testing-tdd-and-bdd/">BDD / TDD</a> assertion library for
         node.js and the browser. It is commonly used to write unit and integration tests.
         A similar version of this benchmark was previously published in the Web Tooling Benchmark.
         Source code: <a href="web-tooling-benchmark/browser.js">chai.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="cdjs">cdjs</dt>
        <dd>
         JavaScript implementation of the <a href="https://www.cs.purdue.edu/sss/projects/cdx/">CDx collision detection
         benchmark</a>. Measures the performance of over 200 collision detection runs.
         Source code: <a href="cdjs">cdjs</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="box2d">box2d</dt>
        <dd>
         The Box2D physics engine <a href="https://code.google.com/p/box2dweb/">ported to JavaScript</a>. Tests floating
         point math and data structures.
         A similar version of this benchmark was previously published in Octane version 2.
         Source code: <a href="Octane/box2d.js">box2d.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="bomb-workers">bomb-workers</dt>
        <dd>
         Tests running various subtests of the SunSpider benchmark in parallel using Web Workers.
         Stresses the browser's ability to run JavaScript code in parallel.
         Source code: <a href="worker/bomb.js">bomb.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="Basic">Basic</dt>
        <dd>
         Basic is an ES2015 implementation of the <a href="http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/files/ECMA-ST-WITHDRAWN/ECMA-55,%201st%20Edition,%20January%201978.pdf">ECMA-55 BASIC standard</a>.
         Basic stresses performance of generator functions, classes, Map, and WeakMap.
         The benchmark runs a handful of simple programs, the most complex of which finds prime numbers.
         This benchmark was previously published in ARES-6.
         Source code: <a href="ARES-6/Basic">Basic</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="base64-SP">base64-SP</dt>
        <dd>
         Base64 encoder/decoder written in JavaScript, originally from the Mozilla XML-RPC client component.
         Tests string manipulation.
         A similar version of this benchmark was previously published in SunSpider.
         Source code: <a href="SunSpider/base64.js">base64.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="babylon-wtb">babylon-wtb</dt>
        <dd>
         <a href="https://github.com/babel/babel/tree/master/packages/babel-parser">Babylon</a> is the frontend for the Babel transpiler.
         It is a JavaScript parser written in JavaScript. It computes the Abstract Syntax Tree of the input JavaScript program.
         This benchmark runs Babylon on test JavaScript programs.
         This benchmark stresses string manipulation and regular expression performance.
         A similar version of this benchmark was previously published in the Web Tooling Benchmark.
         Source code: <a href="web-tooling-benchmark/browser.js">babylon.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="Babylon">Babylon</dt>
        <dd>
         <a href="https://github.com/babel/babylon">Babylon</a> is an implementation of a parser for the JavaScript language.
         Babylon is the parser used in the <a href="https://babeljs.io/">Babel</a> JavaScript transpiler. The benchmark runs the
         Babylon parser on four different JavaScript sources. Babylon makes heavy use of classes, does non trivial string processing,
         and creates non-trivial object graphs.
         This benchmark was previously published in ARES-6.
         Source code: <a href="ARES-6/Babylon">Babylon</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="async-fs">async-fs</dt>
        <dd>
         This is an implementation of a mock file system that stresses the performance of DataView, Promises, and async
         iteration. The benchmark simulates adding and removing files, and swapping the byte order of existing files.
         Source code: <a href="generators/async-file-system.js">async-file-system.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="sync-fs">sync-fs</dt>
        <dd>
         This is an implementation of a mock file system that stresses the performance of DataView, Promises, and synchronous
         generators / iterators. The benchmark simulates adding and removing files, and swapping the byte order of existing files.
         Source code: <a href="generators/sync-file-system.js">sync-file-system.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="lazy-collections">lazy-collections</dt>
        <dd>
         This benchmark iterates over common integer sequences (fibonacci, prime numbers, etc) as lazy collections using eponymous
         library by <a href="https://robinmalfait.com">Robin Malfait</a> that stresses the performance of generators.
         Source code: <a href="generators/lazy-collections.js">lazy-collections.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="js-tokens">js-tokens</dt>
        <dd>
         This benchmarks runs <a href="https://github.com/lydell/js-tokens">js-tokens</a>, a lenient and almost spec-compliant JavaScript
         tokenizer by Simon Lydell, over its own source code and a JSX snippet. Stresses the performance of generators and regular
         expressions, especially sticky and unicode RegExp patterns with property escapes <code>\p{}</code>.
         Source code: <a href="generators/js-tokens.js">js-tokens.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="doxbee-promise">doxbee-promise</dt>
        <dd>
         A typical CRUD method extracted from DoxBee that is called when uploading files. The benchmark emulates a situation where
         10k requests are being made concurrently to execute some mixed async / sync action with fast I/O response times.
         Authored by <a href="https://blog.spion.dev/posts/analysis-generators-and-other-async-patterns-node.html">Gorki Kosev</a>,
         <a href="https://github.com/v8/promise-performance-tests">packed by Benedikt Meurer</a>.
         Source code: <a href="simple/doxbee-promise.js">doxbee-promise.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="doxbee-async">doxbee-async</dt>
        <dd>
         A typical CRUD method extracted from DoxBee that is called when uploading files. The benchmark emulates a situation where
         10k requests are being made concurrently to execute some mixed async / sync action with fast I/O response times.
         Uses async / await instead of plain Promise.
         Authored by <a href="https://blog.spion.dev/posts/analysis-generators-and-other-async-patterns-node.html">Gorki Kosev</a>,
         <a href="https://github.com/v8/promise-performance-tests">packed by Benedikt Meurer</a>.
         Source code: <a href="simple/doxbee-async.js">doxbee-async.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="Air">Air</dt>
        <dd>
         Air is an ES2015 port of the <a href="https://webkit.org/blog/5852/introducing-the-b3-jit-compiler/">WebKit B3 JIT</a>'s <a href="https://trac.webkit.org/changeset/201783">Air::allocateStack phase</a>.
         This code is a heavy user of Map, Set, classes, spread, and for-of. The benchmark runs allocateStack on hot function
         bodies from other popular JavaScript benchmarks. This benchmark was previously published in ARES-6.
         Source code: <a href="ARES-6/Air">Air</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="ai-astar">ai-astar</dt>
        <dd>
         This benchmark runs a JavaScript implementation of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A*_search_algorithm">A*</a> search algorithm
         written by <a href="https://briangrinstead.com/blog/">Brian Grinstead</a>.
         This benchmark was inspired by a similar benchmark in the Kraken benchmark suite.
         Source code: <a href="SeaMonster/ai-astar.js">ai-astar.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="acorn-wtb">acorn-wtb</dt>
        <dd>
         <a href="https://github.com/ternjs/acorn">Acorn</a> is a JavaScript parser written in JavaScript.
         This benchmark runs Acorn on test JavaScript programs.
         This benchmark stresses string manipulation and regular expression performance.
         A similar version of this benchmark was previously published in the Web Tooling Benchmark.
         Source code: <a href="web-tooling-benchmark/browser.js">acorn.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="3d-raytrace-SP">3d-raytrace-SP</dt>
        <dd>
        Simple raytracer written by <a href="https://nerget.com">Oliver Hunt</a>.
         Tests arrays and floating-point math in relatively short-running code.
         A similar version of this benchmark was previously published in SunSpider.
         Source code: <a href="SunSpider/3d-raytrace.js">3d-raytrace.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="3d-cube-SP">3d-cube-SP</dt>
        <dd>
         3D cube rotation benchmark by Simon Speich. The original can be found
         on <a href="http://www.speich.net/computer/moztesting/3d.htm">Simon's
         web page</a>. Tests arrays and floating-point math in relatively
         short-running code.
         A similar version of this benchmark was previously published in SunSpider.
         Source code: <a href="SunSpider/3d-cube.js">3d-cube.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="bigint-noble-bls12-381">bigint-noble-bls12-381</dt>
        <dd>
         <a href="https://hackmd.io/@benjaminion/bls12-381">BLS12-381</a>, pairing-friendly
         Barreto-Lynn-Scott elliptic curve construction,
         <a href="https://github.com/paulmillr/noble-bls12-381">implemented in JavaScript</a>
         by Paul Miller. Tests typed arrays and arithmetic operations on BigInt.
         Source code: <a href="bigint/noble-bls12-381-bundle.js">noble-bls12-381-bundle.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="bigint-noble-secp256k1">bigint-noble-secp256k1</dt>
        <dd>
         <a href="https://www.secg.org/sec2-v2.pdf">secp256k1</a>, an elliptic curve that could
         be used for asymmetric encryption, ECDH key agreement protocol and signature schemes,
         <a href="https://github.com/paulmillr/noble-secp256k1">implemented in JavaScript</a>
         by Paul Miller. Tests typed arrays and arithmetic operations on BigInt.
         Source code: <a href="bigint/noble-secp256k1-bundle.js">noble-secp256k1-bundle.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="bigint-noble-ed25519">bigint-noble-ed25519</dt>
        <dd>
         <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EdDSA">ed25519</a>, an elliptic curve that could
         be used for EDDSA signature scheme and X25519 ECDH key agreement,
         <a href="https://github.com/paulmillr/noble-ed25519">implemented in JavaScript</a>
         by Paul Miller. Tests typed arrays and arithmetic operations on BigInt.
         Source code: <a href="bigint/noble-ed25519-bundle.js">noble-ed25519-bundle.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="bigint-paillier">bigint-paillier</dt>
        <dd>
         <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paillier_cryptosystem">Paillier cryptosystem</a>,
         a probabilistic asymmetric algorithm for public key cryptography,
         <a href="https://github.com/juanelas/paillier-bigint">implemented in JavaScript</a>
         by Juan Hernández Serrano. Tests arithmetic operations on BigInt.
         Source code: <a href="bigint/paillier-bundle.js">paillier-bundle.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="bigint-bigdenary">bigint-bigdenary</dt>
        <dd>
         <a href="https://github.com/uzyn/bigdenary">BigDenary</a>, an arbitrary-precision
         decimal arithmetic, implemented in JavaScript by U-Zyn Chua.
         Tests arithmetic operations on BigInt.
         Source code: <a href="bigint/bigdenary-bundle.js">bigdenary-bundle.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="proxy-mobx">proxy-mobx</dt>
        <dd>
         A super minimal, store-only implementation of Reminders.app, written in MobX.
         Heavily relies on computed getters and utilizes Map / Set collections.
         Synchronously re-renders into text on every data manipulation.
         Tests get / set Proxy traps, as well as various Array methods.
         Source code: <a href="proxy/mobx-benchmark.js">mobx-benchmark.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="proxy-vue">proxy-vue</dt>
        <dd>
         A super minimal, store-only implementation of Reminders.app, written using reactivity
         API of Vue.js 3.0. Heavily relies on computed getters and utilizes Map / Set collections.
         Synchronously re-renders into text on every data manipulation.
         Tests get / set Proxy traps, as well as various Array methods.
         Source code: <a href="proxy/vue-benchmark.js">vue-benchmark.js</a>
        </dd>

        <dt id="dotnet-interp-wasm">dotnet-interp-wasm</dt>
        <dd>
         Tests <a href="https://github.com/dotnet/runtime">.NET on WebAssembly</a>. This benchmark tests operations 
         on .NET implementation of String, JSON serialization, specifics of .NET exceptions and computation 
         of a 3D scene using Mono Interpreter. Source code: <a href="wasm/dotnet">.NET</a>.
        </dd>

        <dt id="dotnet-aot-wasm">dotnet-aot-wasm</dt>
        <dd>
         Tests <a href="https://github.com/dotnet/runtime">.NET on WebAssembly</a>. This benchmark tests operations 
         on .NET implementation of String, JSON serialization, specifics of .NET exceptions and computation 
         of a 3D scene using Mono AOT. Source code: <a href="wasm/dotnet">.NET</a>.
        </dd>

        </dl>

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